- ? injections / therapy varies on weekends – typically yes there are injections on Saturdays; Sunday varies
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? how many cells per unit? millions – microscopic
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? how many units per patient...varied protocol depending on patient -- type of injury or disease
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expect 50% of stem cells to die at end of the day – how do they know this...it is from research with tagged (marked) stem cells in mice; need to consider the stem cells as a biological product and ~ 50 % reach intended site...or other sites along the way that may need some repair/rejuvenation...the remaining do not reach a destination and die off
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by using EMBRYONIC stem cells, these are essentially BLANK stem cells that must be trained to perform and become what is needed of them...they are not specific differentiating stem cells
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therefore the belief is they do not initially know they must be a skin cell to repair a burn, or a brain cell to repair the visual cortex, or a spinal cord cell to repair the spinal cord this all comes with time and 'training'
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in the case of spinal injuries the 'training' is a addressed through physical therapy not only to address the muscle atrophy; but also by asking the body to do something that it cannot the stem cells 'learn' their function and what is needed to help the body do what is being asked of it
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muscle atrophy is a concern because without tone and relative strength, even if the the stems cells repair a site, the body must be prepared to handle the balance, coordination, flexibility and strength and mobility to ... stand and eventually walk
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they find it easier to inject pre-differentiated cells
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brief history: in lab for 2 years in the late 90's; 'growing' and culturing pre-differentiated cells from ONE donor; grew to time when under microscope can determine they become differentiated cells
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Dr. Shroff and Dr. Ashish do not believe it is ethically wrong to use embryonic stem cells derived from Dr. Shroff in-vetro-fertilization (IVF) work, however because of the known controversies world wide about stems cells (embryonic and fetal) they have chosen to utilize only 1 line, derived from only one donor
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(these donor embryonic stem cells were “left over” biological “waste” after the donor patient had IVF, these cells would have just been destroyed as they were no longer necessary had no actual value, the value has come from being able to culture and grow an infinite amount of stem cells from this one donor)
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the stems cells are cultured and divide and replicate themselves (2 become 4 become 8 become 16, and so on and so on); some are culled out and frozen to be used in treatment; others are used to continue to increase the amount of stem cells
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the shelf life of the frozen stem cells has been considered 6 months, recently it is believed that has actually been extended to about 1 year
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in a spinal cord injury the intent is for the stem cells to fill the gap/breech left by the injury itself
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injections are at various places in the body because it is not only the injury site that needs to be repaired;
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injections done during the 'procedures' are above, below and at the site of injury
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the “electrical” stimuli needed to make the parts of the body below the injury function is unable to bridge the gap that exists at the site of injury
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challenge: there is scar tissue present at site of injury, so while the stem cells repair the area by increasing the girth of the area and allowing the some electrical stimuli to be conducted, they do have to contend with scar tissue
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? why not remove the scar tissue prior to giving stem cells: because despite the scarring, there are important fibers that remain and allow for some conduction, and some of the scar tissue may heal; however it (scar tissue) will never totally heal
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? in theory 1 neurological stem cell has capability to reach site, and divide and replicate infinitely allowing for the healing process to occur; however, cells mature and the unending regeneration of stem cells does not continue in the body athe the injury site indefinitely; the stem cells 'created' in the lab are not allowed to mature
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? success previous patients; 1st patient with a deadly brain disease still alive after 5 ½ years; had not been expected to survive
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? success of previous spinal patients: 1st spinal cord injury patient was in 2005; had different protocol than they have developed now (as result of seeing success over the years); he had only 2 procedures done during the course of his treatment, however he has had some success and his walking (apparently with a staggered and assisted gait); he is scheduled to return for more treatment under the new protocols and Dr. Shroff hopes to see additional improvements
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? who makes the best patients; recent injury; age, gender...
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young women do seem to respond the best to treatment because of the natural hormones in the body
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time since injury is a factor; however, it is believed anything chronic (over 1 year) really doesn't differentiate between 5 years and 15 years as far as receiving treatment
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ideally believe treatment should happen at time of initial surgery for spinal cord injury; to immediately start healing process and have no build up of scar tissue
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goal to be able to utilize this technology as first line treatment after traumatic injury to promote healing process immediately
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equate stem cell therapy to being pregnant: initial injection begins the 9 month process of being "pregnant" and allowing for the development of the stem cells through the similar stages of the embryo – fetus – newborn
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each subsequent injection extends the 9 month process
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therefore EACH stem cell injection must be treated as if the patient were pregnant, which means: proper rest, exercise, good diet, no alcohol and no tobacco products
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this is not just for while the patient is here undergoing treatment, it must continue during the development of each of the stem cells that have been injected per both Dr. Shroff and Dr. Ashish
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? currently not published and not peer reviewed; pending patent
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? pharmaceutical companies not interested in development of stem cell treatments; not because ethically against it, but rather because of negative impact on their $$ in developing and selling medications
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Indian government does have the ability to shut down the operation totally; therefore Nu Tech does provide the government with everything they want and follows the protocols set forth by the government; everything provided except of course the actual patent pending research and development side of the treatment
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? how many successes needed before it is accepted that this treatment works
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realistically Dr. Shroff feels that even with 5 patients who were "incurable" to have show improvement and success that should have warranted acceptance of success, however that is not the case
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with over 450 stem cell patients treated by Nu Tech to date, with NO side effects and no adverse reactions and all showing SOME sign of improvement Nu Tech has invited others to look at what the patients are achieving and what the patients themselves have to say; because of the pending patent, no accreditation or reviews from other labs have been solicited at this time
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? no malignant tumors like in other stem cell therapies
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? if so would utilize another line – not expecting problems; but if so would look at another line
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Dr. Shroff believes because this is the ONLY embryonic stem cell therapy in the world that has been developed without animal products or serums as mediums for growth; therefore has had no 'allergic' reactions; this make it possible to use the same line in everyone